The Most important basic concepts in OOPs(Object Oriented Programing) are Inheritance, Abstraction, Polymorphism and Encapsulation.
Poly  means Many and Morph means Forms, Polymorphism is the capability of an object to take on many forms.
That means one object can perform different behavior on same time 
Example a woman can be act as mother, sister, child at same time.

class Maths{
public void addition(){
System.out.println(" Math addition ");
} }
class Calculator extends Maths{
@Override public void addition(){ System.out.println(" Calculator addition "); } }
class Addition extends Maths{
@Override
public void addition(){
System.out.println(" Calculator addition ");
} }
 Here you can see both sub classes have same action, but there were different ways to execute these action, this is called polymorphism.
 

Java Polymorphism Types
in java polymorphism categorized into two types

  • Static Polymorphism
  • Dynamic Polymorphism

Static Polymorphism is also treat as Compile time Polymorphism.
This can be as of Static Binding,Early Binding and Method Overloading form.
Static Polymorphism can be achieved by Method Overloading.What is Method Overloading
A method having same name with different parameters(arguments) is nothing but Method Overloading

Example of Method Overloading
1) Same type with multiple arguments

class Addition{
void add(int a,int b) { System.out.println(a+b);
} void add(int a,int b,int c)
{ System.out.println(a+b+c);
} }
public class MyClass{ public static void main(String args[])
{ Addition addition=new Addition();
addition.add(1,2);// Method with 2 arguments output:3
addition.add(1,2,3);// Method with 3 arguments output:6
} }


2) with different type 

class Multiply{
void multiply(int a,int b)
{ System.out.println(a*b);
} void multiply(float a,float b)
{ System.out.println(a*b); } }
public class MyClass{
public static void main(String args[])
{ Multiply mutiply=new Multiply();
mutiply.add(1,2);// Method with 2 arguments output:2
mutiply.add(1.0f,2.0f);// Method with 3 arguments output:2.0
} }

Static polymorphism executes fast, why because the compiler will binds the methods on compile time itself.

Dynamic Polymorphism:
This is also known as Late Binding, Method Overriding.
What is Method Overriding?
A class inherits a method from its parent class is called Method Overriding.
Example:

class Animal{
    public void giveMilk(){
    
    }
}

class Cow extends Animal{
    @override
    public void giveMilk(){
    
    }
}


Here the child class Cow contains giveMilk() method overridden from its parent class Animal.

Then what is Dynamic Polymorphism here, yes we are going to discuss about that.

lets create 3 classes

class Animal{

    public void giveMilk(){
    
         System.out.println("Animal give Milk");
         
    }
}

class Cow extends Animal{

    @override
    public void giveMilk(){
    
        System.out.println("Cow give Milk");
        
    }
}

class Goat extends Animal{
@override public void giveMilk(){
System.out.println("Goat give Milk");
} }
class MyForm {
    public static void main(String args[]){
    
        Animal animal=new Animal();
        Cow cow=new Cow();
        Goat goat=new Goat();
        
        animal.giveMilk();
        cow.giveMilk();
        goat.giveMilk();
    }
}
<


Compiler at compile time treat 

animal is the reference of Animal class and animal.giveMilk() will execute at runtime
output Animal give Milk??


cow is the reference of Cow class and cow.giveMilk() will execute at runtime 
output Cow give Milk


goat is the reference of Goat class and goat.giveMilk() will execute at runtime 
output Goat give Milk

Lets change the Object creation to

class MyForm {
    public static void main(String args[]){

        Animal animal1=new Cow();
        Animal animal2=new Goat();
        animal1.giveMilk();
        animal2.giveMilk();
    }
}

In this case 
While compile time compiler treat 
animal1 is the reference of Animal but at runtime JVM binds this method to Cow instance and animal1.giveMilk()

Output Cow give Milk

animal2 is the reference of Animal but at runtime JVM binds this method to Cow instance and animal2.giveMilk()

Output Cow give Milk

This is called Late Binding/Dynamic Polymorphism.

Lets check Difference Between Compile time Polymorphism & Run time Polymorphism
 

Run time Polymorphism

Compile time Polymorphism
Method binding done by compiler at compile time  Method binding done at runtime
It is also know as Static binding, Method Overloading It is also know Runtime binding, Method Overriding
Overloading share the same name with different parameters Overriding same method with same parameters or signature, but associated in a class & its subclass
It is fast execution because known early at compile time It is slow execution as compare to early binding because it is known at runtime

 


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